kai-m wrote:1. Someone told me that the easiest way to figure out the sum of the tip is to double the tax
No. The tax can vary.
Tip 15 to 20 percent on the amount before tax. You can round up if it makes it easier, but in less expensive places especially, people often leave change.
15 percent is average, and the minimum you should leave unless you've had terrible service that you can attribute to the server alone. 20 percent is a good tip, and what's expected in higher-end places. Tip more if you've had exceptional service.
kai-m wrote:2. When I have an aperetif at the bar first, do I tip the bartender seperately, even when I pay the drinks later with the check? And is there a difference in amount at fine dining places for the bartenders? (Usually, as far as I know, it is 1$ per drink, right?)
Bar tips are the same as food tips: 15 to 20 percent before tax, unless you order a very expensive bottle of wine, in which case you can get away with less.
Tip the higher percentage if you are ordering complicated drinks or if the drinks are very cheap.
If you sit at the bar, tip the bartender separately. For the best service at a bar where you aren't a regular, don't run a tab but pay cash as you go, tipping each time. Most restaurants prefer you settle your bar bill before moving to a table, anyway.
kai-m wrote:3. Did I get this right that I tip the person who brings our coats at the end of the night as well, even if it is the host/ess or the waiter who was already tipped with the ckeck? Again: is there a difference in amount at fine dining places?
Yes, tip whoever brings your coat. $1 to $2 per coat. (If you have only one coat, you might tip $2; two coats, $3; four, $5; or something like that.) Only better restaurants will have a coat check. In a diner, you're expected to hang up your coat yourself or throw it over your chair.
kai-m wrote:4. Is it better for the waiter / is it more common to leave the tip in cash or put it on the credit card?
Most common is to tip with a credit card if you pay by credit card. If it makes any difference to servers, they aren't complaining widely about it.
kai-m wrote:From my experience, the biggest problem with the american tipping system is, that the waiter has a vital interest of pushing the final check up - because the higher the check the higher the tip (ironically this can be especially be a problem at "flat rate" restaurants). And more than once (at middle- and lower-end places such as steakhouses and diners) I had the feeling of beeing not welcome anymore, once it was clear that I wouldn't order anything else (in europe it is considered incredibly, unbelievably rude, if not downright insulting, to bring a customer his check without him asking for it). The reason is clear: the sooner a new customer comes in, the more money a waiter will make.
In my experience in Europe, servers have no incentive to make sure you have what you want. The common thing (on a number of trips in several countries) was for the server to take your order and bring your food and then disappear until the end of the meal ... or long afterwards. So forget about asking for another drink, a condiment or any other add-on.
Visiting during a heat wave, I quickly learned to order two beverages with every meal because if I waited till I had finished the first one, there was no chance of getting a second.
On several occasions we waited quite a long time after finishing our meal before anyone came by so we could ask for the check.
It may be a myth that "tip" stands for "to insure promptness," but it usually works.
Having to ask for the check is considered a sign of bad service in the U.S., where most people want to eat, pay and get out. The way it's supposed to work here, is for the server to notice that you've finished your dessert, then come by and ask if you'd like anything further, and if you say no, bring you the check.
That's not (usually) an indication that you're expected to leave. We often sit talking and drinking coffee (with free refills) long after the check has arrived, and servers rarely show impatience unless the restaurant is very busy, but just keep coming by with fresh coffee.
If you say no and then change your mind and want something else, just flag a server down and he or she will take the check away again and add the new item onto it.
Sometimes servers will just leave the check without asking first if you want anything more. Sometimes that means they're trying to hurry you out so they can turn the table; sometimes it means they're trying to be unobtrusive and not interrupt your conversation; sometimes it just means that they're lousy at their job. In any case, you needn't leave till you're ready to, although it's considered a bit rude to hold on to your table if you've finished your meal and others are waiting.