I think cutting basically break down into three categories:
Poly/PlasticBecause they can be put in the dishwasher, they're the most food-safe. They're inexpensive, lightweight and durable. They can be hard on knife edges, though.
WoodWood is a decent mid-priced option and it looks great. Durable and attractive but often heavy. For longest life, they need extra care. They should be seasoned with a food-safe oil/wax at the outset and regularly, and should never go in the dishwasher. Within the wood category, edge grain will typically hold up the best because you'll be cutting against the grain when you use it and that incurs less damage to the board. It's worse for your knives than the alternate wood option: end grain. These are the boards that look like patchwork. They aren't quite as durable as end grain. Because you'll be cutting on them with the grain, they're more susceptible to physical damage and staining. They do less damage to your knives, though.
Soft SyntheticAlmost rubbery in their surface texture, these boards sometimes have lightweight wood cores. They're pricey and can stain easily. And they need to be washed by hand. But they're very easy on knives, which makes them most ideal for professional environments, where edge retention is generally most critical.
Also, think about size and weight. Will you be moving the board often? Will you need to fit it in your sink? Think about whether you want the convenience of a board you can use both sides of, or one with feet or a base, that will provide more stability but will likely wear faster. Lots of factors and attributes to consider.
If you cook a lot, you'll probably come to the conclusion that you need more than one (type of) board. Like any tools, they're designed to excel in certain situations and not all cooking situations are universal.
=R=
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